Link to NEGATIVE CLAUSES
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES/CLAUSES
1- (QW
) AUX/M S V(infinitivo,-ing,-ed) C ?
QW (question words) :
what(…like), where, when, whose, which, who, why, how(how old, how
often, how many, how much, how long, how far….)
AUX (auxiliary)
do/does,
did, be (am, is, are, was, were), have/has
M (modal verb)
will, would, can/could,
should, must, may/might
S (subject)
V (verb)
infinitive after do/did/modals, -ing after be , -past participle (-ed/-en) after have
C (complement)
QW AUX/M S V(infinitivo,-ing,-ed) C ?
Does(n't) this train go to Oxford?
How often do Kim and Tom travel around Europe?
Why didn't you come to Galicia ?
What did the doctor tell you to do ?
Where will they go when...?
Would(n't) you like to come back to Galicia?
What should I do in my free time ?
Who are you meeting tonight ?
When are you coming back to Burgos?
Isn't he going to leave?
What were you doing yesterday at 5 ?
Why has/had Mike done this ?
How long have/had you been living here ?
Haven't/Hadn't you finshed yet ?
2- Interogatives with verb TO BE
(present simple, past simple ONLY)
(QW)
BE(am,is,are,was,were) S C ?
what ´s your name ?
where are you from ?
how old are you ?
what ‘s your job ?
who ’s
your partner ?
What day is today ?
What season is it ?
When were you born ?
When was
your sister born ?
Is(n't) there a problem?
3-QW as subject
When you ask about the subject there is no auxiliary (Present simple and Past simple) nor
subject in the question :
QW VERB C ?
Who did this?
Who wrote this book?
Who has just called?
What happened yesterday?
Which of them told you?
4- Question Tags
Affirmative sentence,
negative auxiliary + subj ?
You ‘re coming back tomorrow, aren’t you?
She’s french, isn’t she?
You like sweets,
don’t you ?
They won the match, didn't they?
You've been drinking, haven't you?
They will be here tomorrow, won’t they?
You would do that. wouldn't you?
Negative sentence, affirmative auxiliary +subj ?
You aren't coming back tomorrow, are you?
She’s not french, is she?
You don't like sweets, do you ?
They didn't win the match, did they?
You haven't been drinking, have you?
They won't be here tomorrow, will they?
You wouldn't do that, would you?
Imperative sentences
Pass me the salt, will
you ? (pasame la sal, por favor)
Let’s do it, shall we ?
5- Short Answers
These are used to answer "yes" or "no" questions. After "yes" or "no" you can use Subject + Auxiliary/Modal:
-Are you French? -Yes, I Am./No, I'm not. -Does he speak English? -Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
-Did they speak to him? -Yes, they did./No, they didn't. Have you won? -Yes, we have./No, we haven't.
-Should I accept? - Yes, you should./No, you shouldn't. ...
Exercises
Interrogative clauses Question Tags 1 Question Tags 2 Short answers
To form a negative sentence you must use the auxiliary (or modal verb) (according to the tense you choose) and add "not" or the attached contraction "-n't":
am > (a)'m not is > is not / isn't are > are not / aren't
do > do not / don't did > did not / didn't
have > have not / haven't will > will not / won't
would > would not / wouldn't Must> must not / mustn't
can> can not / can't may > may not might > might not
should > should not / shouldn't
Examples
I'm not/wasn't French She isn't/wasn't working at the moment
They aren't/weren't coming tonight We don't care They didn't do it
He hasn't got a car They haven't been sleeping well lately
I won't let you go She wouldn't do that She might not come
Negative infinitive
Not to + infinitive
To be or not to be, that is the question.
I decided not to go to the party.
I prefer not to do this job.
Try not to be late!
He asked me not to follow him.
Do this little exercice , then write your own examples.
Some, Any, No
The quantifiers some, any and no are a kind of determiner.
Some is an unspecified quantity. It could be big or small, we don't know. Normally it is "medium".
Any is also an unspecified quantity. It refers to "one, some or all". So it's a quantity from 1 to infinity (∞).
No is easy! No is ZERO (0).
The general rule is that we use some and no in positive (+) sentences and any in question (?) and negative (-) sentences.
| some | example situation | |
|---|---|---|
| + | I have some money. | I have $10. |
| I have no money. | I have $0. | |
| ? | Do you have any money? | Do you have $1 or $10 or $1,000,000? |
| - | I don't have any money. | I don't have $1 and I don't have $10 and I don't have $1,000,000. I have $0. |
Look at these examples:
- He needs some stamps.
- I must go home. I have some homework to do.
- There were no stamps for the letters.
- I have no homework to do so let's go out.
- Does he need any stamps?
- Do you have any homework to do?
- He doesn't need any stamps.
- I can stay. I don't have any homework to do.
We use any in a positive sentence when the real sense is negative.
- I refused to give them any money. (I did not give them any money)
- She finished the test without any difficulty. (she did not have any difficulty)
Sometimes we use some in a question, when we offer or ask for something, when we expect a positive YES answer. (We could say that it is not a real question, because we think we know the answer already.)
- Would you like some more tea?
- Could I have some sugar, please?
- I have no money.
I don't have no money.
However, in informal spoken English you can sometimes hear "no" after a negative verb:
I don't need no doctor! I can't get no satisfaction ...
But it is not considered to be "academicaly correct".
The same rules apply to all some-, any-, no- words (INDEFINITE PRONOUNS)
somebody, someone, nobody, no one, anybody, anyone
something, nothing, anything
somewhere, nowhere, anywhere
NONE
"None" means "not one"
-Do you have any qualifications? - I have none.
None of my friends are English.
Exercises
Some, no, any Any, no, none Indefinite pronouns
